Make 1.2 Ghz Patch Antenna

Antennas/Printed_and_Microstrip_Antennas/Circularly_Polarized_Annular-Ring_Antenna_1.6GHz.gif' alt='Make 1.2 Ghz Patch Antenna' title='Make 1.2 Ghz Patch Antenna' />Product Catalog. Reimagine tomorrow with Comm. Scope. If you are passionate about building innovative systems for a better world, we need you on our team. Our talent is comprised of professionals with a wide range of experience who deliver unique solutions. Whether youre an expert industry veteran or a new professional your work will leave an impact. The future is powered by you. Join the Comm. Scope team today. Antenna Theory Quick Guide. Uiwebview Local Html Javascript File. Antenna Theory Quick Guide. Antenna Theory Fundamentals. A person, who needs to convey a thought, an idea or a doubt, can do so by voice communication. The following illustration shows two individuals communicating with each other. Here, communication takes place through sound waves. However, if two people want to communicate who are at longer distances, then we have to convert these sound waves into electromagnetic waves. The device, which converts the required information signal into electromagnetic waves, is known as an Antenna. What is an Antenna. An Antenna is a transducer, which converts electrical power into electromagnetic waves and vice versa. An Antenna can be used either as a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna. A transmitting antenna is one, which converts electrical signals into electromagnetic waves and radiates them. A receiving antenna is one, which converts electromagnetic waves from the received beam into electrical signals. In two way communication, the same antenna can be used for both transmission and reception. Antenna can also be termed as an Aerial. FPVOK-6km-Range-font-b-1-2Ghz-b-font-1-3Ghz-12db-font-b-Patch-b.jpg' alt='Make 1.2 Ghz Patch Antenna' title='Make 1.2 Ghz Patch Antenna' />And the Emmy goes to ITU, ISO, IEC Congratulations to the ITUISOIEC Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding for winning a Primetime Emmy Award for. Lincomatic%27s%20Homebrew%20WiFi%20Antennae_files/biquadfeed.jpg' alt='Make 1.2 Ghz Patch Antenna' title='Make 1.2 Ghz Patch Antenna' />Desing and Analysis of Micro Strip Antenna using HFSS Software 121 coupling No spurious radiation escapes to corrupt the side lobes or polarization of the antenna. Plural of it is, antennae or antennas. Now adays, antennas have undergone many changes, in accordance with their size and shape. There are many types of antennas depending upon their wide variety of applications. Following pictures are examples of different types of Antennas. In this chapter, you are going to learn the basic concepts of antenna, specifications and different types of antennas. Need of Antenna. In the field of communication systems, whenever the need for wireless communication arises, there occurs the necessity of an antenna. Antenna has the capability of sending or receiving the electromagnetic waves for the sake of communication, where you cannot expect to lay down a wiring system. The following scenario explains this. Scenario. In order to contact a remote area, the wiring has to be laid down throughout the whole route along the valleys, the mountains, the tedious paths, the tunnels etc., to reach the remote location. The evolution of wireless technology has made this whole process very simple. Antenna is the key element of this wireless technology. In the above image, the antennas help the communication to be established in the whole area, including the valleys and mountains. This process would obviously be easier than laying a wiring system throughout the area. Radiation Mechanism. The sole functionality of an antenna is power radiation or reception. Antenna whether it transmits or receives or does both can be connected to the circuitry at the station through a transmission line. The functioning of an antenna depends upon the radiation mechanism of a transmission line. A conductor, which is designed to carry current over large distances with minimum losses, is termed as a transmission line. For example, a wire, which is connected to an antenna. A transmission line conducting current with uniform velocity, and the line being a straight one with infinite extent, radiates no power. For a transmission line, to become a waveguide or to radiate power, has to be processed as such. If the power has to be radiated, though the current conduction is with uniform velocity, the wire or transmission line should be bent, truncated or terminated. If this transmission line has current, which accelerates or decelerates with a timevarying constant, then it radiates the power even though the wire is straight. The device or tube, if bent or terminated to radiate energy, then it is called as waveguide. These are especially used for the microwave transmission or reception. This can be well understood by observing the following diagram The above diagram represents a waveguide, which acts as an antenna. The power from the transmission line travels through the waveguide which has an aperture, to radiate the energy. Basic Types of Antennas. Antennas may be divided into various types depending upon The physical structure of the antenna. The frequency ranges of operation. The mode of applications etc. Physical structure. Following are the types of antennas according to the physical structure. You will learn about these antennas in later chapters. Wire antennas. Aperture antennas. Reflector antennas. Lens antennas. Micro strip antennas. Array antennas. Frequency of operation. Following are the types of antennas according to the frequency of operation. Very Low Frequency VLFLow Frequency LFMedium Frequency MFHigh Frequency HFVery High Frequency VHFUltra High Frequency UHFSuper High Frequency SHFMicro wave. Radio wave. Mode of Applications. Following are the types of antennas according to the modes of applications Point to point communications. Broadcasting applications. Radar communications. Satellite communications. Antenna Theory Basic Parameters. The basic communication parameters are discussed in this chapter to have a better idea about the wireless communication using antennas. The wireless communication is done in the form of waves. Hence, we need to have a look at the properties of waves in the communications. In this chapter, we are going to discuss about the following parameters Frequency. Wavelength. Impedance matching. VSWR reflected power. Bandwidth. Percentage bandwidth. Radiation intensity. Now, let us learn them in detail. Frequency. According to the standard definition, The rate of repetition of a wave over a particular period of time, is called as frequency. Simply, frequency refers to the process of how often an event occurs. A periodic wave repeats itself after every T seconds time period. Frequency of periodic wave is nothing but the reciprocal of time period T. Mathematical Expression. Mathematically, it is written as shown below. T. Wheref is the frequency of periodic wave. T is the time period at which the wave repeats. Units. The unit of frequency is Hertz, abbreviated as Hz. The figure given above represents a sine wave, which is plotted here for Voltage in millivolts against time in milliseconds. This wave repeats after every 2t milliseconds. So, time period, T2t milliseconds and frequency, f frac12. TKHzWavelength. According to the standard definition, The distance between two consecutive maximum points crests or between two consecutive minimum points troughs is known as the wavelength. Simply, the distance between two immediate positive peaks or two immediate negative peaks is nothing but the length of that wave. It can be termed as the Wavelength. The following figure shows a periodic waveform. The wavelength and amplitude are denoted in the figure. The higher the frequency, the lesser will be the wavelength and vice versa. Mathematical Expression. The formula for wavelength is. Where is the wavelengthc is the speed of light 3 1. Units. The wavelength is expressed in the units of length such as meters, feet or inches. The commonly used term is meters. Impedance Matching. According to the standard definition, The approximate value of impedance of a transmitter, when equals the approximate value of the impedance of a receiver, or vice versa, it is termed as Impedance matching. Impedance matching is necessary between the antenna and the circuitry. The impedance of the antenna, the transmission line, and the circuitry should match so that maximum power transfer takes place between the antenna and the receiver or the transmitter. Necessity of Matching. A resonant device is one, which gives better output at certain narrow band of frequencies.